Nonproteobacteria are a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that do not belong to the Proteobacteria phylum. They include many different lineages with various metabolic capabilities and ecological roles.
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Nonproteobacteria include important groups such as Cyanobacteria, Chlorobi, and Spirochaetes.
Cyanobacteria are known for their role in oxygenic photosynthesis and can form harmful algal blooms.
Chlorobi, or green sulfur bacteria, perform anoxygenic photosynthesis using sulfur compounds as electron donors.
Spirochaetes have a distinctive helical shape and include pathogens like Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis.
Many nonproteobacteria are extremophiles, thriving in environments with extreme temperatures, salinity, or pH.