Molecule

Definition

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. In microbiology, molecules play crucial roles in genetic engineering and microbial genetics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Molecules like DNA and RNA are essential for transferring genetic information in microbes.
2. Restriction enzymes are molecular tools used to cut DNA at specific sequences for genetic engineering.
3. Plasmids, which are circular DNA molecules, can be used as vectors to introduce new genes into microbes.
4. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a molecular technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences.
5. Synthetic biology involves designing and constructing new biological parts and molecules for useful purposes.

Review Questions

• What role do plasmids play in microbial genetic engineering?
• How are restriction enzymes utilized in the manipulation of microbial genomes?
• Describe how PCR is used to amplify DNA sequences.

Related terms

DNA:

The molecule that carries genetic instructions used in growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms.

Enzyme:

A protein that catalyzes chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction.

Vector:

A vehicle used to transfer genetic material to a target cell, often a plasmid or virus.