Microvilli

Definition

Microvilli are microscopic, finger-like projections on the surface of epithelial cells in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. They play a crucial role in digestion and maintaining gut health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Microvilli significantly increase the surface area of the intestinal epithelium, enhancing nutrient absorption.
2. They contain enzymes that assist in the breakdown of nutrients.
3. Damage to microvilli can lead to malabsorption and various gastrointestinal disorders.
4. Microvilli are covered with a glycocalyx layer that contains digestive enzymes and aids in immune function.
5. Certain bacterial infections can damage or alter the structure and function of microvilli, leading to symptoms like diarrhea.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of microvilli in the small intestine?
• How do microvilli contribute to nutrient absorption?
• What impact can bacterial infections have on microvilli?

Related terms

Villus: A larger finger-like projection in the small intestine that contains blood vessels and lymphatics for nutrient transport.

Glycocalyx: A glycoprotein and glycolipid covering that surrounds cell membranes, including those of microvilli, providing protection and aiding in digestion.

Enterocyte:

An epithelial cell lining the intestines, which contains microvilli on its surface to aid in nutrient absorption.