Membrane fusion

Definition

Membrane fusion is the process by which two lipid bilayers merge to form a single continuous membrane. This is crucial for viral entry into host cells, allowing the viral genome to access the cellular machinery.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Membrane fusion is essential for enveloped viruses to enter host cells.
2. Fusion proteins on the viral envelope facilitate membrane fusion by undergoing conformational changes.
3. pH levels can trigger membrane fusion in some viruses, such as influenza.
4. Membrane fusion can occur at the plasma membrane or within endosomes after endocytosis.
5. Inhibiting membrane fusion is a target for antiviral drugs.

Review Questions

• What role do fusion proteins play in membrane fusion?
• How does pH influence membrane fusion in certain viruses?
• Why is membrane fusion important for the viral life cycle?

Related terms

Endocytosis:

A process by which cells internalize molecules by engulfing them.

Fusion Protein: Viral proteins that mediate the merging of viral and cellular membranes.

Lipid Bilayer:

A double layer of lipids that forms the core structure of cell membranes.