Ionizing radiation

Definition

Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. It has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ionizing radiation includes X-rays, gamma rays, and high-energy particles such as alpha and beta particles.
2. It can cause mutations in microbial DNA by breaking chemical bonds, leading to changes in the genetic material.
3. In microbial control, ionizing radiation is used for sterilization and disinfection because it effectively kills bacteria, viruses, and spores.
4. Commonly used in medical settings and food industry for sterilization purposes due to its ability to penetrate deep into materials.
5. Exposure to ionizing radiation can be harmful to human health, causing damage to tissues and increasing the risk of cancer.

Review Questions

• What types of radiation are classified as ionizing?
• How does ionizing radiation affect microbial DNA?
• Why is ionizing radiation used for sterilization in medical settings?

Related terms

Mutation:

A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA.

Sterilization:

The process of eliminating all forms of life, including bacterial spores.

Gamma Rays:

A form of electromagnetic radiation with high energy and deep penetrating power, often used in sterilization.