Inheritance

Definition

Inheritance in microbiology refers to the transmission of genetic information from one generation of microorganisms to the next. It ensures that offspring acquire the genetic material necessary for survival and function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Inheritance mechanisms include vertical gene transfer from parent to offspring.
2. Horizontal gene transfer, such as transformation, conjugation, and transduction, also plays a role in microbial genetics.
3. Plasmids are extra-chromosomal DNA molecules that can be inherited and confer advantageous traits like antibiotic resistance.
4. Mutations during DNA replication can lead to genetic variation passed on through inheritance.
5. Recombination events can introduce new gene combinations into microbial populations.

Review Questions

• What is the difference between vertical and horizontal gene transfer?
• How do plasmids contribute to inheritance in microorganisms?
• What role do mutations play in microbial inheritance?

Related terms

Vertical Gene Transfer: The transmission of genetic material from parent organisms to their offspring.

Horizontal Gene Transfer:

The movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by vertical transmission.

Plasmid:

A small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.