Hyperthyroidism

Definition

Hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disorder in which the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, leading to an overactive metabolism. Common symptoms include weight loss, rapid heart rate, and nervousness.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hyperthyroidism can be caused by Graves' disease, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland.
2. The excessive production of thyroid hormones leads to increased metabolic activity, affecting numerous bodily functions.
3. Diagnosis often involves blood tests measuring levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4).
4. Treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
5. Untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to serious complications such as heart problems and osteoporosis.

Review Questions

• What autoimmune disorder is a common cause of hyperthyroidism?
• How does hyperthyroidism affect metabolic activity in the body?
• What are some common treatments for hyperthyroidism?

Related terms

Graves' Disease: An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism by attacking the thyroid gland.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates thyroid function.

Thyroxine (T4): A primary hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism.