Hyperthermophiles

Definition

Hyperthermophiles are microorganisms that thrive in extremely high temperatures, typically above 80°C (176°F). They are often found in environments such as hot springs and hydrothermal vents.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hyperthermophiles belong to the domain Archaea, although some bacteria can also be hyperthermophilic.
2. Their proteins and cellular structures are uniquely adapted to function optimally at high temperatures.
3. Hyperthermophiles play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles, especially in extreme environments.
4. They have enzymes known as extremozymes, which are of interest for industrial applications due to their stability at high temperatures.
5. The discovery of hyperthermophiles has challenged our understanding of the limits of life on Earth and the potential for life on other planets.

Review Questions

• What temperature range is optimal for the growth of hyperthermophiles?
• Name two environments where hyperthermophiles are commonly found.
• Why are hyperthermophile enzymes important for industrial applications?

Related terms

Thermophile:

Microorganisms that thrive at relatively high temperatures, between 41 and 122°C.

Extremophile: Organisms that thrive in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to most life on Earth.

Hydrothermal Vent: Fissures on the seafloor from which geothermally heated water issues, often home to unique ecosystems including hyperthermophiles.