Hemolysis

Definition

Hemolysis is the destruction of red blood cells, leading to the release of hemoglobin into the bloodstream. It can be triggered by immune reactions, infections, or toxins.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hemolysis can be a result of type II hypersensitivity reactions where antibodies target red blood cells.
2. Infections such as malaria and certain bacterial toxins can induce hemolysis.
3. Hemolytic anemia is a condition characterized by an increased rate of hemolysis.
4. Laboratory tests for hemolysis include measuring levels of free hemoglobin in the plasma and decreased levels of haptoglobin.
5. Symptoms of hemolysis may include jaundice, dark urine, and elevated bilirubin levels.

Review Questions

• What type of hypersensitivity reaction is most commonly associated with immune-mediated hemolysis?
• Name two infectious agents that can cause hemolysis.
• Which laboratory tests are indicative of active hemolysis?

Related terms

Hypersensitivity:

An exaggerated immune response to an antigen that results in tissue damage.

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys red blood cells.

Bilirubin:

A yellow pigment formed by the breakdown of red blood cells and excreted in bile.