Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE)

Definition

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a rare but severe brain infection caused by free-living amoebae, such as Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris. It primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and leads to chronic inflammation of the brain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GAE is typically caused by Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris.
2. The disease primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy.
3. Symptoms of GAE include headaches, fever, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and seizures.
4. Diagnosis often involves brain imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans combined with laboratory analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
5. Treatment options are limited and often involve a combination of antimicrobial drugs; however, the prognosis remains poor.

Review Questions

• What are the primary causative agents of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis?
• Which patient population is most at risk for developing GAE?
• List common symptoms associated with granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.

Related terms

Acanthamoeba keratitis:

An eye infection caused by Acanthamoeba species that can lead to blindness if untreated.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM):

A rapidly fatal brain infection caused by Naegleria fowleri.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis: A diagnostic test involving the examination of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord for signs of infection or disease.