Gonorrhea

Definition

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It primarily affects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, but can also infect the throat, eyes, and rectum.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative diplococcus belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum.
2. This bacterium requires oxygen for growth, classifying it as an obligate aerobe.
3. Gonorrhea employs several virulence factors including pili for attachment and antigenic variation to evade the immune system.
4. Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae has become a significant global public health issue.
5. Symptoms of gonorrhea can include painful urination and discharge from the genitals, though many individuals may be asymptomatic.

Review Questions

• What type of oxygen requirement does Neisseria gonorrhoeae have?
• Name two virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
• Why is antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae a significant concern?

Related terms

Proteobacteria:

A major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that includes diverse pathogens.

Obligate Aerobe: An organism that requires oxygen for its growth and survival.

Antigenic Variation:

Mechanism by which pathogens alter their surface proteins to evade immune detection.