Glomerulonephritis

Definition

Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, often caused by immune system responses to infections or other diseases. It can lead to impaired kidney function and may result in chronic kidney disease if left untreated.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Glomerulonephritis can be triggered by bacterial infections, such as streptococcal throat infections, leading to post-infectious glomerulonephritis.
2. The condition is often associated with hypersensitivity reactions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the kidney tissues.
3. Symptoms may include hematuria (blood in urine), proteinuria (protein in urine), hypertension, and edema.
4. Diagnosis typically involves urinalysis, blood tests for kidney function (like serum creatinine), and sometimes a kidney biopsy.
5. Treatment can vary depending on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics for infections, immunosuppressive medications, or dialysis in severe cases.

Review Questions

• What are common symptoms of glomerulonephritis?
• How can bacterial infections lead to glomerulonephritis?
• What diagnostic tests are used to confirm glomerulonephritis?

Related terms

Hypersensitivity Reaction: An exaggerated immune response that can cause tissue damage.

Hematuria:

The presence of blood in urine, which can be a symptom of various urinary tract conditions.

Nephrotic Syndrome: A kidney disorder causing excessive protein loss in urine, leading to swelling and increased risk of infection.