Genetic engineering

Definition

Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology to alter its characteristics. This includes techniques such as gene cloning, CRISPR, and recombinant DNA technology.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Genetic engineering often involves the use of plasmids as vectors to insert new genes into microbial cells.
2. CRISPR-Cas9 is a widely used tool in genetic engineering for precise genome editing.
3. Recombinant DNA technology allows for the combination of DNA from different organisms, creating novel genetic sequences.
4. Genetically modified microbes can be used for industrial applications like producing insulin or biofuels.
5. Techniques such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) are crucial for amplifying specific DNA sequences in genetic engineering experiments.

Review Questions

• What role do plasmids play in genetic engineering?
• How does CRISPR-Cas9 facilitate genome editing?
• What are some applications of genetically modified microbes?

Related terms

Plasmid:

A small, circular piece of DNA that replicates independently from the bacterial chromosome and is often used as a vector in genetic engineering.

CRISPR-Cas9:

A genome editing tool that allows for precise modifications to DNA by cutting it at specific locations.

Recombinant DNA:

DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods combining genetic material from multiple sources.