Functional groups

Definition

Functional groups are specific clusters of atoms within molecules that have characteristic properties and behaviors. They play a crucial role in the chemical reactions and interactions of organic molecules, including those in microbial biochemistry.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Functional groups determine the physical and chemical properties of organic molecules.
2. Common examples of functional groups include hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate groups.
3. The presence of functional groups can influence the polarity, solubility, and reactivity of molecules.
4. In microbial biochemistry, functional groups are essential for enzyme activity and metabolic pathways.
5. Functional groups can form hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, or covalent bonds with other molecules.

Review Questions

• What role do functional groups play in determining the properties of organic molecules?
• Name three common functional groups and describe their significance in microbial biochemistry.
• How do functional groups influence the solubility and reactivity of molecules?

Related terms

Hydroxyl Group: A functional group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (–OH).

Carboxyl Group: A functional group composed of a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (–COOH).

Amino Group: A functional group containing a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (–NH2).