Extremophiles

Definition

Extremophiles are microorganisms that thrive in environments with extreme conditions, such as high temperature, salinity, acidity, or pressure. They are primarily found among the Archaea domain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Extremophiles include thermophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, and piezophiles.
2. Thermophiles can live in temperatures above 45°C (113°F), often found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents.
3. Halophiles thrive in high-salt environments like salt lakes and salt mines.
4. Acidophiles prefer highly acidic conditions with a pH below 3.
5. Extremophile enzymes, known as extremozymes, have applications in industrial processes due to their stability under harsh conditions.

Review Questions

• What environments do extremophiles inhabit?
• How do thermophiles differ from halophiles?
• What are extremozymes and why are they significant?

Related terms

Thermophile:

A type of extremophile that thrives at high temperatures.

Halophile: A type of extremophile that thrives in high-salt environments.

Acidophile: A type of extremophile that thrives in highly acidic conditions.