Epiglottitis

Definition

Epiglottitis is a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the epiglottis, often caused by bacterial infection. It can obstruct the airway and requires immediate medical attention.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in unvaccinated individuals.
2. Symptoms include severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, drooling, and stridor (a high-pitched wheezing sound).
3. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through a laryngoscopic examination and radiographic imaging.
4. Rapid administration of antibiotics and securing the airway are critical elements of treatment.
5. Vaccination against Hib has significantly reduced the incidence of epiglottitis in children.

Review Questions

• What is the primary causative agent of epiglottitis in unvaccinated individuals?
• List three key symptoms that are indicative of epiglottitis.
• Why has the incidence of epiglottitis decreased in recent years?

Related terms

laryngitis:

Inflammation of the larynx, often leading to hoarseness or loss of voice.

tracheitis: Bacterial infection causing inflammation of the trachea, potentially leading to airway obstruction.

Haemophilus influenzae:

A bacteria that can cause various infections including pneumonia, meningitis, and epiglottitis.