Cryptococcus neoformans

Definition

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that primarily causes infections in immunocompromised individuals. It is notable for causing severe respiratory and central nervous system infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cryptococcus neoformans is commonly acquired through inhalation of fungal spores, often from bird droppings.
2. This yeast can cause cryptococcal meningitis, a life-threatening infection of the brain and spinal cord.
3. It has a polysaccharide capsule that helps it evade the host's immune system.
4. The fungus can grow at human body temperature, which contributes to its pathogenicity.
5. Diagnosis typically involves identifying the organism in cerebrospinal fluid using India ink staining or antigen detection methods.

Review Questions

• How is Cryptococcus neoformans typically acquired by humans?
• What are the primary diseases caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?
• What diagnostic methods are used to identify Cryptococcus neoformans in clinical samples?

Related terms

Candida albicans:

A common yeast that causes opportunistic infections such as thrush and systemic candidiasis.

Histoplasma capsulatum:

A dimorphic fungus causing histoplasmosis, often affecting the lungs.

Aspergillus fumigatus:

A mold responsible for aspergillosis, particularly affecting immunocompromised individuals.