Conjunctivitis

Definition

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that lines your eyelid and covers the white part of your eyeball. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, allergens, or irritants.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bacterial conjunctivitis is often caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae.
2. Bacterial conjunctivitis can be treated with topical antibiotics such as erythromycin or polymyxin B/trimethoprim drops.
3. Viral conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by adenoviruses and does not respond to antibiotics.
4. Allergic conjunctivitis results from exposure to allergens and typically involves both eyes; it can be treated with antihistamines or anti-inflammatory medications.
5. Proper hygiene practices such as hand washing and avoiding touching the face are essential in preventing the spread of infectious conjunctivitis.

Review Questions

• What are the common bacterial pathogens that cause bacterial conjunctivitis?
• How is viral conjunctivitis different from bacterial conjunctivitis in terms of treatment?
• What preventive measures can reduce the risk of spreading infectious conjunctivitis?

Related terms

Staphylococcus aureus:

A common bacterium found on the skin and in the respiratory tract; it causes various infections including bacterial conjunctivitis.

Adenovirus:

A group of viruses that can cause respiratory illnesses and are a common cause of viral conjunctivitis.

Antibiotic resistance: The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of drugs that once killed them; an important consideration when treating bacterial infections like bacterial conjunctivitis.