Bronchitis

Definition

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs. It often results in coughing, mucus production, and can be caused by bacterial or viral infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bronchitis can be classified as acute or chronic based on its duration.
2. Acute bronchitis is commonly caused by viruses like influenza and rhinovirus.
3. Chronic bronchitis is a type of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and is often linked to smoking or long-term exposure to irritants.
4. Antibacterial drugs are not typically effective against viral causes of acute bronchitis but may be used if a secondary bacterial infection occurs.
5. Normal microbiota of the respiratory system can shift during bronchitis, potentially leading to opportunistic infections.

Review Questions

• What are the main differences between acute and chronic bronchitis?
• Why are antibiotics not always prescribed for acute bronchitis?
• How does chronic exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke contribute to chronic bronchitis?

Related terms

Influenza:

A viral infection that affects the respiratory system and can cause acute bronchitis.

COPD: A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make breathing difficult, including chronic bronchitis.

Normal Microbiota: The community of microorganisms that reside in the respiratory tract without causing disease under normal conditions.