β-lactams are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that contain a β-lactam ring in their molecular structure. They work by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell death.
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β-lactams include penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems.
Their mechanism of action involves binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in bacteria.
They are primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria but some have activity against Gram-negative bacteria as well.
Resistance can occur through the production of β-lactamase enzymes by bacteria, which break down the β-lactam ring.
β-lactams are often used to treat respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal infections.