Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Definition

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is an enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule. It plays a crucial role in translating mRNA codons into functional proteins by ensuring the correct amino acids are incorporated.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Each aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is specific to one amino acid and its corresponding tRNAs.
2. There are 20 different aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, one for each of the 20 standard amino acids.
3. The enzyme uses ATP to activate the amino acid before transferring it to the tRNA.
4. Accuracy of protein synthesis largely depends on the fidelity of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases.
5. Mutations in genes encoding these enzymes can lead to serious cellular dysfunctions and diseases.

Review Questions

• What role does aminoacyl tRNA synthetase play in protein synthesis?
• How many types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases exist and why?
• What energy molecule is required for the function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?

Related terms

tRNA:

Transfer RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

mRNA:

Messenger RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

Ribosome:

Molecular machine that facilitates the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.