Acyclovir

Definition

Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including genital herpes, cold sores, shingles, and chickenpox. It works by inhibiting the replication of viral DNA.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Acyclovir is specifically effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
2. The drug is a nucleoside analog that interferes with viral DNA polymerase, preventing viral DNA synthesis.
3. Resistance to acyclovir can develop in immunocompromised patients due to mutations in the viral thymidine kinase or DNA polymerase.
4. Acyclovir can be administered orally, topically, or intravenously depending on the severity and location of the infection.
5. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, and inflammation at the injection site.

Review Questions

• What types of viral infections is acyclovir primarily used to treat?
• How does acyclovir inhibit viral replication?
• Why might resistance to acyclovir develop in certain patients?

Related terms

Valacyclovir:

An antiviral drug that is a prodrug of acyclovir with better oral bioavailability.

Ganciclovir:

An antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections.

Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used for treating HSV and CMV infections in cases where resistance to other drugs like acyclovir has developed.