Active transport

Definition

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane using energy, typically against their concentration gradient. This process is essential for maintaining cellular functions and homeostasis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.
2. In prokaryotic cells, active transport mechanisms are crucial for nutrient uptake and waste removal.
3. Eukaryotic cells utilize active transport to maintain ion balances and uptake large molecules such as glucose.
4. Transport proteins like pumps and carriers are involved in active transport processes.
5. Examples of active transport include the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells and proton pumps in plant cells.

Review Questions

• What is the primary source of energy used in active transport?
• How does active transport differ from passive transport?
• Name one example of an active transport mechanism in eukaryotic cells.

Related terms

Passive Transport: Movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate):

The main energy currency of the cell, used to power various cellular processes including active transport.

Sodium-Potassium Pump: A type of protein pump that actively transports sodium ions out and potassium ions into the cell, crucial for nerve function.