Hiram Bingham

Definition

Hiram Bingham was an American academic, explorer, and politician best known for his discovery of the Incan site of Machu Picchu in 1911. His expedition brought international attention to this remarkable ancient site and sparked interest in the study and preservation of ancient heritage sites in South America.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hiram Bingham's expedition to Machu Picchu was funded by Yale University and the National Geographic Society, highlighting the collaboration between academic institutions and explorers.
2. Bingham's work at Machu Picchu not only contributed to the understanding of Incan civilization but also helped establish Peru as a significant archaeological destination.
3. His writings and photographs from the expedition played a vital role in popularizing Machu Picchu, leading to increased tourism and interest in Andean archaeology.
4. Bingham was involved in political life as well, serving as a U.S. senator from Connecticut from 1924 to 1933 after his explorations.
5. Controversy arose over Bingham's excavation methods and the removal of artifacts from Machu Picchu to Yale University, raising ethical questions about cultural heritage preservation.

Review Questions

• How did Hiram Bingham's discovery of Machu Picchu impact the field of archaeology and the perception of Incan culture?
  • Hiram Bingham's discovery of Machu Picchu significantly impacted archaeology by revealing the sophistication of Incan civilization and spurring interest in Andean cultures. His expedition provided valuable insights into Incan architecture and society, leading to more extensive research into pre-Columbian cultures. This discovery helped change how people viewed South America’s ancient civilizations, placing them on par with those in Europe and Asia.
• Discuss the ethical considerations surrounding Hiram Bingham's excavation methods at Machu Picchu and their long-term effects on heritage preservation.
  • The ethical considerations surrounding Hiram Bingham's excavation methods at Machu Picchu include the removal of artifacts without full consent from local authorities or communities. This raised questions about ownership, cultural respect, and how archaeological findings should be handled. The long-term effects included a growing awareness of the need for responsible preservation practices that prioritize local communities' rights and interests in their cultural heritage.
• Evaluate Hiram Bingham's dual legacy as both an explorer who contributed to archaeological knowledge and as a figure who sparked controversy regarding cultural heritage.
  • Hiram Bingham's legacy is complex; on one hand, he is celebrated for bringing global attention to Machu Picchu and advancing archaeological understanding of Incan civilization. His work encouraged further exploration and preservation efforts in South America. On the other hand, his controversial excavation methods and the removal of artifacts have prompted discussions about ethics in archaeology. This duality reflects broader challenges faced by archaeologists today regarding cultural sensitivity and preservation, highlighting the importance of engaging with local communities in archaeological work.

Related terms

Machu Picchu:

An ancient Incan city located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, often referred to as the 'Lost City of the Incas' and renowned for its archaeological significance.

Archaeology: The scientific study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts, structures, and other physical remains.

Preservation: The act of maintaining and protecting historical sites, artifacts, and structures from deterioration, damage, or destruction.