1911 revision

Definition

The 1911 revision refers to the significant amendments made to the Meiji Constitution of Japan, which was originally promulgated in 1889. This revision aimed to address various political and social changes in Japan, enhancing the powers of the Emperor while altering the relationship between the state and its citizens. The changes reflected Japan's evolving governance and response to both domestic pressures and international influences during the early 20th century.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The 1911 revision did not fundamentally alter the Meiji Constitution but rather clarified certain provisions related to the powers of the Emperor and the legislature.
2. It introduced a more defined relationship between the executive and legislative branches, allowing for increased government intervention in legislative matters.
3. The revision also made provisions for the expansion of civil liberties, but these were often limited in practice due to prevailing political conditions.
4. This amendment was partly a response to increasing calls for modernization and democratization in Japanese society as well as international pressures.
5. The 1911 revision set a precedent for future constitutional changes in Japan, contributing to the eventual transition towards more democratic governance.

Review Questions

• How did the 1911 revision impact the relationship between the Emperor and the Japanese legislature?
  • The 1911 revision clarified and enhanced the powers of the Emperor in relation to the Imperial Diet, effectively solidifying his authority over legislative processes. While it did not completely diminish legislative powers, it allowed for greater executive control by enabling the government to intervene more directly in legislative matters. This shift reflected a broader tendency toward centralizing power within the imperial institution amidst societal changes.
• In what ways did the 1911 revision reflect Japan's response to international influences and domestic pressures for reform?
  • The 1911 revision showcased Japan's attempt to adapt its political structure to meet both domestic demands for more governance and international expectations regarding modern statehood. As Japan sought to establish itself as a global power, there were growing calls from various segments of society for reforms that would promote civil liberties. The amendments demonstrated a willingness to engage with these pressures while maintaining traditional authority structures.
• Evaluate how the 1911 revision laid groundwork for subsequent political developments in Japan during the Taisho era.
  • The 1911 revision provided a framework that contributed to Japan's political evolution into the Taisho era, marked by increasing democratic sentiment and civil participation. While maintaining strong imperial authority, it opened doors for political reforms that would gain traction later on. The amendments influenced movements towards a more representative government, setting a foundation for future constitutional debates and aspirations toward democracy during this transformative period.

Related terms

Meiji Constitution:

The foundational legal document of Japan established during the Meiji Restoration that outlined the structure of government, the role of the Emperor, and the rights of citizens.

Imperial Diet:

The bicameral legislature established under the Meiji Constitution, which consisted of the House of Representatives and the House of Peers, intended to provide a degree of representation for the Japanese people.

Taisho Democracy: A period in Japan characterized by a greater push for democratic reforms and political participation, occurring during the Taisho era (1912-1926) that followed the Meiji period.