Capabilities approach

Definition

The capabilities approach is a theoretical framework that emphasizes what individuals are able to do and be, focusing on their actual capabilities rather than just resources or utility. This approach shifts the conversation from traditional measures of development and well-being, such as income, to a more nuanced understanding of human flourishing, which is especially significant in discussions about gender equality and empowerment.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The capabilities approach was popularized by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, who argued that real development should be measured by what individuals can actually achieve in their lives.
2. This approach recognizes that different people have different needs and potentials based on their social, cultural, and economic contexts, promoting a more inclusive view of progress.
3. In the context of feminist theory, the capabilities approach advocates for the empowerment of women by focusing on expanding their choices and opportunities rather than merely providing resources.
4. The capabilities approach informs policies aimed at reducing inequalities, emphasizing the importance of removing barriers that prevent individuals from achieving their full potential.
5. By prioritizing individual capabilities over mere economic metrics, this approach encourages holistic development that respects human dignity and fosters social justice.

Review Questions

• How does the capabilities approach differ from traditional measures of well-being?
  • The capabilities approach differs from traditional measures of well-being by focusing on what individuals are actually able to achieve in their lives rather than just their income or resources. While conventional metrics may emphasize GDP or material wealth as indicators of progress, the capabilities approach highlights personal freedoms and opportunities that enable individuals to flourish. This shift encourages a deeper understanding of development that is more aligned with human rights and social justice.
• Discuss the implications of the capabilities approach for feminist activism and policy-making.
  • The implications of the capabilities approach for feminist activism are profound as it emphasizes women's empowerment through the expansion of their choices and opportunities. Feminist activists can leverage this framework to advocate for policies that not only provide resources but also dismantle systemic barriers hindering women's capabilities. By focusing on enhancing women's actual abilities to pursue their goals, this approach promotes a more equitable society where gender inequalities can be addressed effectively.
• Evaluate how the capabilities approach can be applied to improve gender equity in various socio-economic contexts.
  • Applying the capabilities approach to improve gender equity involves assessing how social structures affect women's ability to achieve their potential in different socio-economic contexts. This evaluation requires analyzing specific barriers women face—such as limited access to education, healthcare, or employment—and crafting targeted policies that address these gaps. By fostering an environment where women have greater autonomy and opportunities to thrive, this approach not only aims for immediate benefits but also contributes to long-term societal transformation toward equality.

Related terms

Sen's Capability Theory: Developed by economist Amartya Sen, this theory emphasizes the importance of individual capabilities in assessing well-being and social justice, advocating for the enhancement of people's freedoms to achieve their desired lives.

Feminist Economics: A field of study that incorporates gender analysis into economic theory and policy, highlighting how traditional economics often overlooks women's roles and contributions, thus aligning with the capabilities approach by advocating for women's empowerment.

Human Development Index (HDI): An index used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic development, which incorporates health, education, and income levels, reflecting some principles of the capabilities approach.