Temple of Artemis

Definition

The Temple of Artemis was an ancient Greek temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis, located in Ephesus (modern-day Turkey). It was renowned as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, celebrated for its grand scale, intricate architecture, and cultural significance in the Roman East, particularly within the context of religion and trade in Asia Minor and the Near East.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Temple of Artemis was rebuilt multiple times after destruction, with the most famous version completed around 550 BCE under the guidance of the architect Chersiphron and his son Metagenes.
2. It measured approximately 115 meters long and 55 meters wide, featuring 127 columns standing 18 meters high, showcasing the grandeur typical of Hellenistic architecture.
3. The temple served not only as a religious site but also as a cultural hub, attracting pilgrims from all over the Mediterranean region, enhancing Ephesus's role in trade and commerce.
4. The site was destroyed by invading forces multiple times, including its notable destruction by a Gothic raid in 262 CE and later by Christians who repurposed it as a church.
5. Today, only foundations and remnants of columns remain, with ongoing archaeological efforts revealing insights into its historical significance and architectural innovations.

Review Questions

• How did the Temple of Artemis reflect the cultural and religious practices of its time?
  • The Temple of Artemis exemplified the cultural and religious practices of ancient Greeks by serving as a central place of worship for those devoted to Artemis. It attracted worshippers from various regions, showcasing how religion was intertwined with daily life and commerce. Its architectural grandeur not only signified devotion but also highlighted Ephesus’s status as a pivotal city in the Hellenistic world, where religion influenced art, culture, and societal values.
• Discuss the architectural features that made the Temple of Artemis stand out among other ancient temples.
  • The Temple of Artemis was remarkable for its scale and architectural complexity. The use of 127 towering columns each decorated intricately set it apart from other temples. The temple's layout incorporated advanced engineering techniques typical of Hellenistic architecture, making it a marvel of its time. These features not only displayed devotion to Artemis but also demonstrated Ephesus's wealth and artistic achievements in the context of ancient Greek architecture.
• Evaluate the impact of the Temple of Artemis on Ephesus's economy and its influence on trade routes during antiquity.
  • The Temple of Artemis significantly impacted Ephesus's economy by acting as a major pilgrimage destination, drawing visitors from across the Mediterranean. This influx helped to establish Ephesus as a key player in regional trade networks. The temple's presence contributed to the economic vitality of Ephesus, encouraging merchants to set up shops nearby. As a result, not only did it facilitate economic interactions, but it also fostered cultural exchanges that enriched Ephesus's societal fabric during antiquity.

Related terms

Artemis: The Greek goddess of the hunt, wilderness, and childbirth, who was often associated with nature and protector of women.

Ephesus:

An ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, which was a major trade center and home to the Temple of Artemis.

Hellenistic Architecture: A style of architecture that emerged after the conquests of Alexander the Great, characterized by grandiose structures and elaborate decorative elements.