Entablature

Definition

An entablature is a horizontal structure supported by columns, which serves as a key architectural feature in classical Greek buildings. It is composed of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice, each playing a critical role in the overall design and aesthetic of structures such as temples. The entablature not only provides structural support but also emphasizes the beauty and grandeur of Greek architecture through its decorative elements and proportions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The entablature is a defining feature of both the Doric and Ionic architectural orders, showcasing their unique styles through variations in design and ornamentation.
2. In Doric temples, the entablature is typically simpler and more austere, while Ionic temples feature more elaborate and decorative entablatures.
3. The frieze within the entablature often features relief sculptures depicting mythological scenes or historical events, enhancing the narrative quality of Greek temples.
4. The proportions and alignment of the entablature are carefully designed to create a harmonious balance with the columns below it, contributing to the overall aesthetic appeal.
5. Entablatures were not only essential for structural integrity but also played a vital role in communicating cultural values and religious significance in Greek architecture.

Review Questions

• How does the design of the entablature differ between Doric and Ionic architectural orders?
  • The entablature in Doric architecture is characterized by its simplicity and lack of ornamentation, reflecting a more austere aesthetic. In contrast, the Ionic order features a more elaborate entablature, with decorative friezes and cornices that showcase intricate details. These differences not only highlight the distinct styles of the two orders but also reflect the cultural values associated with each architectural form.
• Discuss the significance of the frieze in an entablature and its role in enhancing Greek temple architecture.
  • The frieze serves as a prominent element within the entablature that often features decorative reliefs or inscriptions. Its placement above the architrave makes it highly visible and allows for artistic expression that complements the temple's overall theme. By depicting mythological narratives or significant historical events, the frieze enhances both the aesthetic appeal and cultural storytelling aspects of Greek temple architecture.
• Evaluate how the design principles behind the entablature contribute to the overall cultural significance of Greek temples.
  • The design principles behind the entablature are central to creating an architectural harmony that reflects the cultural values of ancient Greece. The careful proportions and alignment with columns not only ensure structural integrity but also symbolize order and beauty, which were highly valued in Greek society. Additionally, decorative elements within the entablature communicate religious themes and civic pride, reinforcing the importance of temples as centers of worship and community identity within ancient Greek culture.

Related terms

Architrave: The lowest part of the entablature that rests directly on the columns, serving as a beam or lintel.

Frieze:

The middle section of the entablature, often decorated with relief sculptures or inscriptions, situated above the architrave.

Cornice: The uppermost section of the entablature that projects outward, serving as a decorative element that caps the structure.