key term - Antioxidant

Definition

An antioxidant is a substance that inhibits oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals leading to cellular damage. These compounds play a crucial role in maintaining health by neutralizing free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause oxidative stress and damage to cells, proteins, and DNA. Antioxidants are commonly found in vitamins, minerals, and nutritional supplements, making them vital for overall wellness.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Antioxidants include a variety of compounds such as vitamins (like A, C, and E), minerals (like selenium), and phytochemicals (like flavonoids).
2. They help prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders by reducing oxidative stress.
3. Dietary sources of antioxidants include fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains, making a balanced diet essential for optimal health.
4. Some antioxidants can be synthesized by the body, while others must be obtained through diet or supplements.
5. Antioxidants are often marketed in dietary supplements, but it's important to consult with healthcare professionals before starting any new supplement regimen.

Review Questions

• How do antioxidants function to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals?
  • Antioxidants work by neutralizing free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage cellular structures. By donating an electron to these free radicals, antioxidants help stabilize them and prevent them from causing further harm. This protective mechanism reduces oxidative stress on cells and contributes to overall health, as it minimizes the risk of chronic diseases associated with cellular damage.
• Discuss the roles of different types of antioxidants found in vitamins and minerals and their importance in human health.
  • Different types of antioxidants play unique roles in human health. For instance, Vitamin C acts as a potent water-soluble antioxidant that protects against oxidative stress in body fluids, while Vitamin E protects cell membranes from lipid peroxidation. Minerals like selenium are crucial for the activity of certain antioxidant enzymes. Together, these antioxidants contribute to a robust defense against oxidative damage, which is linked to many chronic diseases.
• Evaluate the impact of dietary antioxidants on disease prevention and the significance of obtaining them from natural food sources versus supplements.
  • Dietary antioxidants have a significant impact on disease prevention by combating oxidative stress linked to conditions like heart disease and cancer. While supplements can provide concentrated doses of antioxidants, obtaining them from natural food sources is generally considered more beneficial due to the presence of synergistic compounds in whole foods. These compounds work together in ways that supplements may not replicate, highlighting the importance of a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains for optimal health.

Related terms

Free Radicals: Unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging and diseases by stealing electrons from other molecules.

Oxidative Stress: A condition characterized by excessive free radicals that overwhelm the body's antioxidant defenses, potentially leading to cellular injury.

Vitamin C:

A water-soluble vitamin that acts as a powerful antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.