Polyandry

Definition

Polyandry is a form of marriage in which a woman has multiple husbands simultaneously. This arrangement is often observed in specific cultures and can serve various social, economic, and ecological purposes. In the context of primate behavior and ecology, polyandry can influence mating strategies, social structures, and resource allocation among groups.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Polyandry is relatively rare among primates, but it has been documented in species like the Tibetan macaque and some tamarins.
2. This mating system can promote genetic diversity and reduce competition among males for female mates by spreading paternity among several fathers.
3. In some cultures where polyandry is practiced, such as in parts of Nepal and India, it often arises in response to land constraints or economic challenges.
4. The presence of multiple males can also help with cooperative care of offspring, increasing survival rates in harsh environments.
5. Polyandrous arrangements can lead to unique social dynamics where the roles of males in parenting are more pronounced compared to other mating systems.

Review Questions

• How does polyandry influence the social structure and dynamics within primate groups?
  • Polyandry influences social structure by fostering cooperative relationships among males who share a female partner. This can lead to reduced competition for mates and increased collaboration in raising offspring. The presence of multiple males often shifts traditional roles, allowing for shared parenting responsibilities that enhance offspring survival and strengthen social bonds within the group.
• What ecological or economic factors may lead to the development of polyandrous relationships in certain cultures?
  • Ecological factors such as limited resources or environmental stressors can lead to polyandry as a strategy for survival. Economically, in societies where land is scarce or inheritance practices favor fewer heirs, polyandry allows families to consolidate resources and share responsibilities. This adaptation helps ensure that children have better access to care and resources necessary for their development.
• Evaluate the implications of polyandry on genetic diversity and reproductive success among primates.
  • Polyandry can significantly enhance genetic diversity within primate populations by allowing offspring to have multiple potential fathers. This genetic mixing can lead to healthier offspring with improved adaptability to changing environments. Additionally, by diluting competition among males for mating opportunities, polyandry may lead to greater reproductive success for females, as they can mate with several partners without facing increased male aggression or rivalry.

Related terms

Monogamy:

A marital structure where an individual has only one partner at a time, commonly seen in many species, including some primates.

Polygyny:

A form of marriage in which a man has multiple wives simultaneously, which can affect population dynamics and resource distribution.

Social Structure: The organized pattern of relationships and social arrangements within a group or community, influencing interactions, breeding strategies, and hierarchies.