Proteins

Definition

Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids that play crucial roles in the body, including building tissues, facilitating biochemical reactions, and regulating bodily functions. They are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of cells, and are involved in various physiological processes that contribute to overall health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Proteins make up about 15% of body weight and are vital for muscle growth and repair.
2. There are two types of proteins: complete proteins, which contain all essential amino acids, and incomplete proteins, which lack one or more essential amino acids.
3. Protein needs can vary based on age, sex, activity level, and overall health; adults generally require about 46-56 grams of protein per day.
4. During exercise, protein intake is important for muscle recovery and adaptation; it helps repair muscle fibers damaged during physical activity.
5. Inadequate protein intake can lead to malnutrition and a weakened immune system, while excessive protein can strain the kidneys and lead to dehydration.

Review Questions

• How do proteins function in the body beyond just muscle building?
  • Proteins have a wide range of functions in the body beyond building muscles. They serve as enzymes that facilitate biochemical reactions necessary for metabolism, act as hormones that regulate physiological processes, and function as antibodies that support the immune system. Additionally, proteins help transport molecules throughout the body and maintain the structural integrity of cells and tissues.
• What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins, and why is this distinction important for nutrition?
  • Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids required for human health, while incomplete proteins lack one or more of these essential amino acids. This distinction is crucial because consuming a variety of protein sources ensures that individuals obtain all necessary amino acids for optimal health. For those following vegetarian or vegan diets, combining different incomplete protein sources can provide a complete amino acid profile.
• Evaluate the impact of protein intake on exercise performance and recovery.
  • Protein intake plays a significant role in exercise performance and recovery by aiding muscle repair and growth. Consuming adequate protein post-exercise helps replenish amino acids lost during physical activity, which is essential for muscle recovery and adaptation to training. Research suggests that timing and quality of protein consumption can enhance recovery times and improve overall athletic performance, making it a key consideration for athletes and active individuals.

Related terms

Amino Acids:

The building blocks of proteins, there are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins.

Enzymes:

Proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Complete Proteins: Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids needed by the body, typically found in animal products and some plant sources like quinoa.