Person

Definition

In linguistics, 'person' refers to the grammatical category that distinguishes between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and those being talked about (third person). This concept is important for understanding how languages convey relationships between speakers and their audience through verb forms, pronouns, and sentence structure. Recognizing these distinctions can significantly affect meaning and clarity in communication.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Languages often express person through distinct verb conjugations that change depending on who is speaking or being addressed.
2. First-person forms typically include pronouns like 'I' or 'we' and indicate a direct involvement of the speaker.
3. Second-person forms involve pronouns like 'you' and indicate direct address to one or more listeners.
4. Third-person forms utilize pronouns like 'he,' 'she,' or 'they,' referring to others who are neither the speaker nor the addressee.
5. Understanding person is crucial for effective communication as it helps clarify who is involved in the action of a sentence.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of person influence verb conjugation in different languages?
  • The concept of person directly influences verb conjugation by requiring verbs to agree with their subjects in both person and number. For instance, in English, the verb changes form when used with different persons: 'I run' (first person singular), 'you run' (second person singular/plural), and 'he runs' (third person singular). This agreement helps clarify who is performing the action in a sentence, making it essential for clear communication.
• Discuss how the use of pronouns varies across different persons in a given sentence and its impact on meaning.
  • The use of pronouns shifts based on the person being referred to, which can significantly alter meaning. For example, in the sentence 'I see you,' the first-person pronoun indicates the speaker's perspective while addressing another individual directly through the second-person pronoun. In contrast, saying 'He sees you' changes the subject to a third party. These variations help define relationships and clarify roles in communication, enhancing understanding.
• Evaluate the importance of understanding person in constructing coherent and effective discourse within various communicative contexts.
  • Understanding person is vital for constructing coherent discourse because it shapes how speakers present information and establish relationships with their audience. By effectively using first, second, and third-person references, speakers can provide clarity about their involvement in an action, create engagement with listeners, and maintain focus on relevant topics. In diverse communicative contexts—such as storytelling, debates, or personal conversations—accurate use of person helps maintain clarity and facilitates a deeper connection between participants.

Related terms

Pronouns: Words that replace nouns in a sentence, often indicating person, such as 'I' for first person, 'you' for second person, and 'he/she/they' for third person.

Subject-Verb Agreement: A grammatical rule stating that the verb must match the subject in person and number, affecting how sentences are constructed.

Deixis:

Words or phrases, such as 'here,' 'there,' 'now,' and 'then,' that are context-dependent and rely on the speaker's perspective, including person references.