In Praise of Folly

Definition

In Praise of Folly is a satirical essay written by Erasmus in 1509 that critiques various societal norms, including the church, human behavior, and the folly of mankind. This work uses humor and irony to challenge the prevailing wisdom of the time and advocate for a more enlightened approach to religion and education. By personifying folly as a character who praises itself, Erasmus invites readers to reflect on the absurdities of human nature and the need for reform.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Erasmus wrote In Praise of Folly while traveling in England, where he was inspired by his conversations with Thomas More.
2. The essay is divided into several sections, each addressing different aspects of folly in society, such as the church, scholars, and social customs.
3. Erasmus uses the character of Folly to argue that a little folly can be beneficial, as it brings joy and can lead to humility in one's life.
4. The work sparked discussions about reform within the Catholic Church, influencing later thinkers like Martin Luther.
5. In Praise of Folly was initially published in Latin but was quickly translated into several languages, increasing its impact across Europe.

Review Questions

• How does Erasmus utilize satire in In Praise of Folly to critique societal norms?
  • Erasmus employs satire in In Praise of Folly by exaggerating human foolishness and presenting it through the lens of humor. By personifying folly itself as a character who offers praise for human shortcomings, he encourages readers to reflect on their own behaviors and societal practices. This approach allows him to critique various institutions, especially the church, while engaging readers in a lighthearted yet thought-provoking manner.
• Discuss the impact of In Praise of Folly on the ideas of humanism and religious reform during the Renaissance.
  • In Praise of Folly contributed significantly to the Renaissance's humanist ideals by emphasizing education, moral reflection, and critical thinking. Erasmus's criticisms of the church and its practices prompted discussions around religious reform, resonating with many who sought change within Christianity. This work not only advanced humanist thought but also laid groundwork for subsequent movements like the Protestant Reformation by challenging established norms.
• Evaluate how Erasmus's In Praise of Folly reflects broader themes in Renaissance philosophy regarding knowledge and ignorance.
  • Erasmus's In Praise of Folly illustrates key themes in Renaissance philosophy related to the interplay between knowledge and ignorance by highlighting how folly can often mask deeper truths. Through witty observations on society's reliance on superficial knowledge and blind adherence to traditions, he posits that true wisdom requires self-awareness and humility. This reflection urges readers to reconsider accepted beliefs and strive for a more enlightened understanding, illustrating a pivotal shift towards valuing personal insight over institutional authority.

Related terms

Erasmus:

Desiderius Erasmus was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, theologian, and scholar known for his works that emphasized education and moral philosophy.

Satire: A literary device used to expose and criticize foolishness or corruption through humor, irony, or exaggeration.

Humanism:

An intellectual movement during the Renaissance that focused on human potential and achievements, emphasizing classical literature and moral philosophy.