Great Migration

Definition

The Great Migration refers to the mass movement of African Americans from the rural Southern United States to urban areas in the North and West between the early 20th century and the 1970s. This migration was driven by various factors, including the search for better economic opportunities, escape from racial discrimination, and the desire for a more fulfilling life, significantly influencing cultural movements like jazz and blues in those regions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Great Migration occurred in two major waves: the first from 1916 to 1940 and the second from 1941 to 1970, significantly altering the demographic landscape of America.
2. Key cities that saw significant migration included Chicago, Detroit, New York City, and Philadelphia, which became cultural hubs for African Americans.
3. The migration led to an increase in African American populations in Northern cities, which in turn had a profound impact on local economies and cultural dynamics.
4. Jazz and blues music gained popularity during and after the Great Migration as artists brought their Southern musical traditions to urban environments, creating new fusion styles.
5. The Great Migration contributed to social and political changes, including increased activism for civil rights as newly settled African Americans sought equality and representation.

Review Questions

• How did the Great Migration influence the development of jazz and blues music in urban areas?
  • The Great Migration brought a wave of African American musicians from the rural South to urban centers like Chicago and New York City. These musicians carried with them traditional Southern musical styles that evolved as they mingled with other influences in the North. This fusion led to the creation of new genres like jazz and blues, which became integral to American music culture, showcasing themes of struggle, resilience, and joy that reflected the experiences of migrants.
• Discuss the impact of Jim Crow laws on the Great Migration and how they shaped the experiences of African Americans in Northern cities.
  • Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation in the South, creating a hostile environment for African Americans. These oppressive conditions served as a significant push factor for many to leave their homes for better opportunities in Northern cities. However, while Northern cities offered economic prospects, migrants often faced their own forms of discrimination and challenges adjusting to new environments. This transition sparked a need for community organization among migrants as they sought equality and improved living conditions.
• Evaluate how the Great Migration changed societal dynamics within American cities and contributed to broader civil rights movements.
  • The Great Migration transformed societal dynamics by significantly increasing the African American population in Northern cities, which reshaped local economies and cultures. As migrants settled into urban areas, they established vibrant communities that became centers for activism and cultural expression. The presence of a larger African American population led to increased demands for civil rights, as individuals united around common goals for equality and justice. This collective push laid groundwork for future civil rights movements, highlighting the interconnectedness of cultural heritage and social activism.

Related terms

Harlem Renaissance:

A cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem, New York, during the 1920s, largely fueled by the influx of African American migrants from the South.

Jim Crow Laws: State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States, contributing to the push factors for African Americans to migrate northward.

Blues Music: A genre of music that originated in the African American communities of the Deep South, characterized by its expressive lyrics and emotional depth, becoming more prominent as migrants settled in urban areas.