Gandhi

Definition

Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule, advocating for nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience. His philosophy of nonviolence, rooted in Hindu ethics and the concept of dharma, emphasizes truth, compassion, and moral duty, influencing countless movements for social justice worldwide.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gandhi's approach was deeply influenced by Hindu texts, particularly the Bhagavad Gita, which speaks to the idea of duty (dharma) and righteousness.
2. He emphasized the importance of self-discipline and personal integrity as essential elements of effective resistance against oppression.
3. Gandhi's campaigns for social reforms included advocating for the rights of untouchables, whom he referred to as 'Harijans' or 'children of God'.
4. His methods inspired numerous global leaders and movements, including Martin Luther King Jr. in the United States during the civil rights movement.
5. Gandhi's vision extended beyond political independence; he also aimed for spiritual renewal and ethical living among individuals.

Review Questions

• How did Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence reflect Hindu ethics and the concept of dharma?
  • Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence is rooted in Hindu ethics, particularly the principle of ahimsa, which promotes nonviolence toward all living beings. His approach aligns with dharma as it emphasizes fulfilling one's moral duty without resorting to violence, reflecting a deep commitment to truth and compassion. This ethical framework not only guided his personal conduct but also provided a strategy for collective resistance against injustice.
• Discuss how Gandhi’s influence extended to prominent Bhakti saints like Mirabai and Tulsidas in terms of spiritual practice and social reform.
  • Gandhi’s influence on figures like Mirabai and Tulsidas can be seen in their shared emphasis on devotion and personal integrity as pathways to spiritual truth. While Mirabai expressed devotion through her poetry and Tulsidas through his writings on Lord Rama, Gandhi connected these spiritual practices to social reform by advocating for the rights of marginalized communities. This intersection highlights how devotional practices can inspire ethical living and social justice.
• Evaluate the impact of Gandhi's principles on modern movements for social justice across the globe.
  • Gandhi's principles have had a profound impact on modern social justice movements around the world, encouraging leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela to adopt nonviolent resistance strategies. By demonstrating that moral integrity can challenge oppressive systems, Gandhi's teachings continue to inspire activists seeking change. This legacy underscores the universality of his message that effective resistance can emerge from ethical action and community solidarity.

Related terms

Ahimsa: The principle of nonviolence toward all living beings, which is a fundamental concept in Hinduism and a core tenet of Gandhi's philosophy.

Satyagraha: A form of nonviolent resistance or civil disobedience developed by Gandhi to combat injustice and promote social change.

Dharma:

The moral law combined with spiritual discipline that guides one's life, crucial in understanding both Hindu ethics and Gandhi's approach to justice.