Ocean acidification

Definition

Ocean acidification refers to the decrease in pH levels of the Earth's oceans caused by the absorption of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). This process impacts marine ecosystems, disrupts the balance of oceanic biomes, and poses significant threats to biodiversity and human industries reliant on ocean resources.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The oceans absorb about 30% of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, which leads to a reduction in pH levels.
2. As ocean acidity increases, it affects the ability of marine organisms like shellfish and coral to form calcium carbonate structures, essential for their survival.
3. Ocean acidification can disrupt marine food webs by impacting plankton species that form the foundation of these ecosystems.
4. The phenomenon has significant economic implications for industries such as fisheries and tourism, particularly in regions dependent on healthy marine ecosystems.
5. Ocean acidification is projected to continue accelerating as CO2 emissions rise, posing long-term challenges for marine life and ecosystems.

Review Questions

• How does ocean acidification influence marine ecosystems and biodiversity?
  • Ocean acidification primarily affects marine ecosystems by altering the chemical balance of seawater, which is crucial for many marine organisms. Species such as corals and shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate shells and skeletons due to lower pH levels. This disruption can lead to a decline in biodiversity, as many species rely on these organisms for habitat and food. As these foundational species diminish, entire ecosystems may face collapse, highlighting the interconnectedness of oceanic life.
• Evaluate the potential economic impacts of ocean acidification on coastal communities that depend on marine resources.
  • Ocean acidification poses serious economic risks for coastal communities that rely on fishing, tourism, and other marine-based industries. As key species like shellfish experience population declines due to changing pH levels, fisheries may suffer reduced yields, leading to loss of income for fishermen. Additionally, declining health of coral reefs can affect tourism by diminishing attractions such as snorkeling and diving sites. These economic consequences underscore the need for proactive measures to address carbon emissions and protect marine environments.
• Synthesize the relationship between ocean acidification, climate change, and carbon cycles in driving global environmental changes.
  • Ocean acidification is intrinsically linked to climate change through its connection to carbon cycles. Increased carbon dioxide emissions from human activities not only warm the planet but also result in higher levels of CO2 being absorbed by oceans. This not only drives acidification but also exacerbates climate-related issues such as extreme weather patterns and habitat loss. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing holistic environmental strategies that address both carbon emissions and marine ecosystem health in the face of ongoing climate change.

Related terms

pH Level: A scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution, where lower values indicate higher acidity.

Coral Bleaching: A phenomenon where coral reefs lose their vibrant colors and health due to stress factors such as increased water temperatures and acidification.

Carbon Sequestration: The process of capturing and storing atmospheric CO2, which can help mitigate the effects of ocean acidification.