Corals

Definition

Corals are marine invertebrates that belong to the class Anthozoa, which primarily form large structures known as coral reefs through their calcium carbonate skeletons. These living organisms play a crucial role in marine ecosystems, serving as habitats for numerous species and influencing local biodiversity. Corals also provide valuable information for understanding past climates, particularly through the analysis of their growth patterns and chemical compositions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Corals grow in warm, shallow ocean waters and are highly sensitive to temperature changes, which can lead to bleaching when stressed.
2. The growth rings of corals can be analyzed similarly to tree rings, providing data on past ocean temperatures and environmental conditions.
3. Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, supporting approximately 25% of all marine species despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor.
4. Corals absorb carbon dioxide from the water to build their skeletons, playing a role in carbon cycling and influencing ocean chemistry.
5. The decline in coral health due to climate change and pollution has serious implications for marine biodiversity and coastal protection.

Review Questions

• How do corals contribute to our understanding of past climate changes?
  • Corals contribute to our understanding of past climate changes through their growth patterns and chemical composition. By examining the annual growth rings in coral skeletons, scientists can deduce historical sea surface temperatures and environmental conditions. Additionally, isotopic analysis of the calcium carbonate in coral structures provides insights into changes in ocean chemistry over time, making them valuable paleoclimate proxies.
• What roles do corals play in marine ecosystems, and how can their decline affect biodiversity?
  • Corals serve as the foundation of coral reefs, which provide habitats for a vast array of marine species. They offer shelter, food sources, and breeding grounds for fish and other marine life. The decline of coral populations due to factors like climate change and pollution can disrupt these ecosystems, leading to decreased biodiversity as fish and other organisms lose their habitats. This loss not only impacts marine life but also affects human communities that rely on healthy reefs for fishing and tourism.
• Evaluate the significance of coral reefs in global carbon cycling and how changes in coral health impact this process.
  • Coral reefs play a vital role in global carbon cycling by absorbing carbon dioxide from seawater during the formation of their calcium carbonate skeletons. This process helps regulate ocean acidity and contributes to overall carbon sequestration. However, when corals are stressed or die due to bleaching events caused by rising sea temperatures or pollution, their ability to absorb carbon diminishes. This shift can lead to increased carbon dioxide levels in the ocean, exacerbating climate change effects and disrupting marine ecosystems reliant on healthy coral structures.

Related terms

Coral Reefs: Complex underwater ecosystems made up of coral polyps, which create calcium carbonate structures that support diverse marine life.

Paleoclimate Proxies: Natural recorders of climate variability, such as corals, ice cores, and tree rings, which provide insights into historical climate conditions.

Symbiosis:

A close ecological relationship between different species, such as the mutualistic association between corals and zooxanthellae algae that helps corals obtain energy.