Orthodox Christianity

Definition

Orthodox Christianity refers to the branch of Christianity that is characterized by its adherence to the traditional beliefs and practices as established by the early Church. It emphasizes the importance of sacred tradition, the authority of ecumenical councils, and the continuity of faith as passed down through generations. This form of Christianity is practiced primarily in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, distinguishing itself from other denominations through its liturgical practices and theological perspectives.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Orthodox Christianity has its roots in the early Christian Church, tracing back to the apostles and their teachings.
2. The Orthodox Church maintains a rich tradition of liturgical worship, including the Divine Liturgy, which is central to its communal life.
3. Icons play a significant role in Orthodox worship, serving as windows into the divine and as aids for prayer and meditation.
4. The concept of 'theosis' or deification is a fundamental belief in Orthodox Christianity, emphasizing the transformative journey towards becoming one with God's divine nature.
5. Orthodox Christians celebrate Easter according to the Julian calendar, often resulting in a different date than that observed by Western Christian denominations.

Review Questions

• How does Orthodox Christianity's understanding of tradition differ from other Christian denominations?
  • Orthodox Christianity places significant emphasis on Sacred Tradition, which is viewed as equally authoritative as Scripture. This contrasts with many Western denominations that prioritize the Bible alone (sola scriptura) as the foundation of faith. In Orthodoxy, tradition encompasses teachings from the early Church Fathers, ecumenical councils, and ongoing theological reflection, allowing for a continuity of belief that shapes its practices and understanding of faith.
• Discuss the role of ecumenical councils in shaping Orthodox Christian beliefs and practices.
  • Ecumenical councils are vital in Orthodox Christianity as they convene church leaders to address key doctrinal issues. These gatherings have produced foundational creeds and clarified essential beliefs, such as the nature of Christ and the Trinity. Decisions made during these councils hold lasting authority within Orthodoxy, influencing not only theology but also liturgical practices across various Orthodox jurisdictions.
• Evaluate how the concept of 'theosis' reflects the spiritual goals of Orthodox Christianity compared to Western Christian views on salvation.
  • 'Theosis,' or deification, represents a core aspiration in Orthodox Christianity where believers seek to become one with God's divine essence. This contrasts with many Western Christian views that focus more on justification through faith. The path to 'theosis' involves participation in sacraments, prayer, and ascetic practices, emphasizing an ongoing relationship with God rather than merely a legalistic understanding of salvation. This perspective showcases a holistic approach to spirituality that integrates both personal transformation and community worship.

Related terms

Ecumenical Councils:

Assemblies of church leaders convened to discuss and settle matters of doctrine and practice within Christianity, playing a key role in shaping Orthodox beliefs.

Sacred Tradition: The teachings and practices handed down through generations that hold equal authority to Scripture within Orthodox Christianity.

Eastern Orthodoxy:

A specific branch of Orthodox Christianity that includes national churches such as the Greek Orthodox and Russian Orthodox Churches, each with its own traditions and practices.