Domitian

Definition

Domitian was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 81 to 96 AD and was the last of the Flavian dynasty. His reign is marked by an emphasis on autocratic rule, extensive building projects, and military campaigns that aimed to secure and expand the empire's borders. Domitian's rule was characterized by his controversial approach to governance, including his strict control over the Senate and his obsession with his own image.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Domitian focused on consolidating his power, often taking actions that alienated the Senate and resulted in a reputation for tyranny.
2. He initiated a significant building program in Rome, including the construction of the famous Domitian's Palace on the Palatine Hill.
3. Domitian was known for his military campaigns in Britain and against various tribes along the Danube River, reinforcing Roman military presence in these areas.
4. His reign ended with his assassination in 96 AD, which was part of a larger conspiracy involving members of the Senate and even members of his own household.
5. After his death, Domitian faced Damnatio Memoriae, which led to a systematic effort to erase his legacy from history and discredit his rule.

Review Questions

• What were some key characteristics of Domitian's leadership style and how did it affect his relationship with the Senate?
  • Domitian's leadership was characterized by autocracy and a lack of trust towards the Senate. He often bypassed traditional senatorial powers and took unilateral decisions that alienated many senators. This created a tense relationship between him and the Senate, leading to accusations of tyranny and ultimately contributing to plots against him.
• Discuss the impact of Domitian's building projects on Rome's infrastructure and cultural identity.
  • Domitian's building projects significantly enhanced Rome's infrastructure and reinforced its cultural identity. His construction of grand structures like the Domus Augustana not only showcased imperial power but also provided public spaces for citizens. This investment in architecture symbolized stability during his reign and aimed to connect Domitian’s legacy with Rome’s grandeur.
• Evaluate the reasons behind Domitian's assassination in 96 AD and its implications for the future of imperial Rome.
  • Domitian's assassination was primarily motivated by growing discontent among senators due to his oppressive rule and autocratic governance style. His disregard for senatorial authority led to conspiracies against him. The aftermath of his assassination marked a shift in imperial politics; it paved the way for a more collaborative approach between emperors and the Senate under subsequent rulers like Nerva, signaling a change in governance philosophy that would shape future imperial Rome.

Related terms

Flavian Dynasty: A Roman imperial dynasty that ruled from 69 to 96 AD, which included Vespasian and his two sons, Titus and Domitian.

Damnatio Memoriae: A Roman practice that involved the erasure of a person's memory from public life, often used against emperors who fell out of favor, including Domitian.

Neronian Persecution:

The persecution of Christians under Emperor Nero, which set a precedent for later emperors like Domitian to engage in similar oppressive policies against perceived threats.