The merit system is a process of hiring and promoting government employees based on their ability to perform a job, rather than on their political connections or other non-meritorious factors. It aims to ensure fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness in public service employment.
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Civil Service: A sector of government employment where positions are typically secured through competitive examinations and merit.
Patronage: A practice where jobs are given based on political connections rather than merit; the opposite of the merit system.
Bureaucracy: An organizational structure within governments and institutions characterized by standardized procedures, formal division of responsibility, and a hierarchy of authority