Job performance refers to the effectiveness and efficiency with which an employee carries out their work-related duties and responsibilities. It encompasses the quality, quantity, and timeliness of an individual's output, as well as their overall contribution to the organization's goals and objectives.
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Job performance is a critical factor in employee selection, evaluation, and promotion decisions within organizations.
Objective measures of job performance, such as sales figures or production rates, are often used to assess an employee's contribution to the organization.
Subjective performance evaluations by supervisors, peers, or customers can provide a more holistic assessment of an employee's overall job performance.
Factors that can influence job performance include an employee's knowledge, skills, abilities, motivation, and the work environment.
Organizations often use performance management systems to set goals, provide feedback, and develop strategies to improve individual and team-level job performance.
Review Questions
Explain how task performance and contextual performance contribute to overall job performance.
Task performance refers to the successful completion of the core duties and responsibilities of a job, while contextual performance encompasses the behaviors and actions that support the organizational, social, and psychological environment in which those tasks are performed. Both task performance and contextual performance are important components of overall job performance, as they collectively contribute to an employee's ability to effectively and efficiently carry out their work-related duties and support the organization's goals and objectives.
Describe how organizations can use performance management systems to improve job performance.
Performance management systems typically involve setting clear performance goals, providing regular feedback and coaching, and developing strategies to enhance an employee's knowledge, skills, and abilities. By using these systems, organizations can help employees understand their job expectations, identify areas for improvement, and receive the necessary support and resources to enhance their overall job performance. Additionally, performance management systems can be used to make informed decisions regarding employee selection, training, and development, as well as promotion and compensation.
Analyze how factors such as employee motivation, work environment, and organizational culture can influence job performance.
Employee motivation, the work environment, and organizational culture are all key factors that can significantly impact job performance. Highly motivated employees who feel engaged and empowered are more likely to demonstrate higher levels of task and contextual performance. Similarly, a supportive work environment that provides the necessary resources, tools, and opportunities for professional development can foster improved job performance. Furthermore, an organizational culture that values and rewards high-performing employees, encourages collaboration, and fosters a sense of belonging can also contribute to enhanced job performance across the workforce.
Related terms
Task Performance: The degree to which an employee successfully completes the core tasks and duties that are central to their job description.
Contextual Performance: The behaviors and actions that support the organizational, social, and psychological environment in which the core job tasks are performed.
Counterproductive Work Behavior: Behaviors that are detrimental to the organization, such as absenteeism, theft, or sabotage, which undermine an employee's job performance.