key term - Cognitivism

Definition

Cognitivism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the role of cognition, or mental processes, in moral reasoning and decision-making. It posits that moral judgments are based on beliefs, knowledge, and rational deliberation, rather than solely on emotions or intuitions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cognitivism holds that moral judgments, like beliefs about the world, can be true or false and are subject to rational evaluation and justification.
2. Cognitivists argue that moral reasoning involves the application of moral principles, consideration of consequences, and impartial deliberation, rather than mere emotional responses.
3. Cognitivism is often contrasted with non-cognitivist theories, such as emotivism and expressivism, which hold that moral statements do not express beliefs that can be true or false.
4. Cognitivists believe that moral knowledge can be acquired through a process of moral inquiry and reflection, similar to how scientific knowledge is acquired.
5. Cognitivism is compatible with a variety of metaethical views, including moral realism, which holds that moral facts exist independently of what anyone believes.

Review Questions

• Explain how cognitivism differs from non-cognitivist ethical theories in its approach to moral reasoning.
  • Cognitivism holds that moral judgments are beliefs that can be true or false, and that moral reasoning involves the application of moral principles, consideration of consequences, and impartial deliberation. In contrast, non-cognitivist theories, such as emotivism and expressivism, view moral statements as expressing emotions or attitudes rather than beliefs that can be rationally evaluated. Non-cognitivists argue that moral reasoning is more akin to expressing preferences or attitudes than engaging in a process of rational inquiry and justification.
• Describe the relationship between cognitivism and moral realism, and explain how they are compatible.
  • Cognitivism is often associated with moral realism, the view that moral facts and properties exist independently of what any individual or culture believes. Cognitivists argue that moral judgments, like beliefs about the world, can be true or false and are subject to rational evaluation and justification. This is compatible with moral realism, which holds that there are objective moral truths that can be discovered through moral inquiry and reflection, similar to how scientific knowledge is acquired. Cognitivism provides a framework for understanding how we can acquire moral knowledge and make rational judgments about the rightness or wrongness of actions.
• Analyze how cognitivism's emphasis on the role of cognition in moral reasoning relates to the concept of moral internalism.
  • Cognitivism's focus on the importance of beliefs, knowledge, and rational deliberation in moral judgments is closely related to the concept of moral internalism. Moral internalism holds that moral judgments necessarily motivate action, meaning that if someone sincerely judges an action to be morally right, they will be motivated to perform that action. Cognitivists argue that moral reasoning involves the application of moral principles and impartial deliberation, which can lead to moral judgments that are then expected to guide and motivate behavior. This connection between moral cognition and moral motivation is a key tenet of cognitivist ethical theories and their understanding of the relationship between moral beliefs and moral action.

Related terms

Moral Realism:

The view that moral facts and properties exist independently of what any individual or culture believes, similar to how scientific facts exist independently of beliefs.

Moral Internalism: The idea that moral judgments necessarily motivate action, meaning that if someone sincerely judges an action to be morally right, they will be motivated to perform that action.

Moral Intuitions: Immediate moral judgments or feelings about the rightness or wrongness of an action, which can serve as the basis for moral reasoning in some ethical frameworks.