Thermal equilibrium

Definition

Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two or more objects in contact do not exchange heat, meaning they are at the same temperature. No net heat flow occurs between them.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In thermal equilibrium, the temperatures of all objects involved are equal.
2. The zeroth law of thermodynamics defines thermal equilibrium and provides a basis for temperature measurement.
3. When two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
4. Thermal equilibrium can be achieved through conduction, convection, or radiation.
5. It is a fundamental concept for understanding heat transfer and thermodynamic processes.

Review Questions

• What condition must be met for two objects to be in thermal equilibrium?
• How does the zeroth law of thermodynamics relate to thermal equilibrium?
• Which methods can achieve thermal equilibrium between two systems?

Related terms

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

Heat Transfer: The movement of heat from one object or substance to another via conduction, convection, or radiation.

Temperature:

$A$ measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance; it determines the direction of heat flow.