Elastic potential energy

Definition

Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in an object when it is deformed elastically, such as when a spring is stretched or compressed. It can be calculated using the formula $U = \frac{1}{2} k x^2$, where $k$ is the spring constant and $x$ is the displacement from equilibrium.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Elastic potential energy depends on both the stiffness of the material (spring constant) and the amount of deformation (displacement).
2. The formula for elastic potential energy is $U = \frac{1}{2} k x^2$.
3. This type of potential energy follows Hooke's Law, which states that force is proportional to displacement ($F = -kx$).
4. Elastic potential energy is a form of mechanical energy and can be converted into kinetic energy and vice versa.
5. In oscillatory systems like springs and pendulums, elastic potential energy plays a crucial role in periodic motion.

Review Questions

• What variables are needed to calculate elastic potential energy?
• How does Hooke's Law relate to elastic potential energy?
• Describe how elastic potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy.

Related terms

Hooke's Law:

A principle stating that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to its displacement from equilibrium ($F = -kx$).

Spring Constant:

A measure of a spring's stiffness, denoted by $k$, which appears in Hooke's Law and the formula for elastic potential energy.

Kinetic Energy:

The energy an object possesses due to its motion, given by the formula $K = \frac{1}{2} mv^2$.