Valence bond theory

Definition

Valence bond theory is a model that describes the formation of covalent bonds through the overlap of atomic orbitals. It emphasizes the role of electron pairs and hybridization in bond formation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Valence bond theory explains how covalent bonds form by overlapping atomic orbitals.
2. The theory incorporates the idea of hybridization, where atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals.
3. It accounts for molecular geometry by considering the spatial orientation of overlapping orbitals.
4. Electron pairs involved in bonding are typically localized between atoms according to this theory.
5. Valence bond theory can be contrasted with molecular orbital theory, which delocalizes electrons over entire molecules.

Review Questions

• How does valence bond theory explain the formation of covalent bonds?
• What role does hybridization play in valence bond theory?
• How does valence bond theory account for molecular geometry?

Related terms

Hybridization:

The process by which atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for pairing electrons to form covalent bonds.

Molecular Orbital Theory: A model that describes electrons as being delocalized across a molecule, forming molecular orbitals that can extend over multiple atoms.

Covalent Bond:

A type of chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.