Supercritical fluid

Definition

A supercritical fluid is a state of matter that occurs when a substance is above its critical temperature and pressure, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. It exhibits unique properties that are intermediate between those of gases and liquids.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Supercritical fluids can diffuse through solids like a gas and dissolve materials like a liquid.
2. The critical point marks the end of the phase boundary between liquid and gas.
3. Carbon dioxide is one of the most commonly used supercritical fluids in various industrial applications.
4. Supercritical fluids have been used in processes such as decaffeination of coffee and extraction of essential oils.
5. The density of a supercritical fluid can be adjusted by changing temperature and pressure.

Review Questions

• What are the key characteristics that define a supercritical fluid?
• How does the behavior of a supercritical fluid compare to that of traditional liquids and gases?
• Name two common applications where supercritical fluids are utilized.

Related terms

Critical Point:

The temperature and pressure at which the liquid and gas phases of a substance become indistinguishable.

Phase Diagram:

A graphical representation showing the phases of a substance as functions of temperature and pressure.

Sublimation:

The transition from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase.