Spectator ions

Definition

Spectator ions are ions that do not participate in the actual chemical reaction and remain unchanged in the solution. They appear on both sides of a balanced ionic equation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Spectator ions can be identified because they do not change their oxidation state during the reaction.
2. In a complete ionic equation, spectator ions are present but are removed when writing the net ionic equation.
3. Sodium (Na+) and nitrate (NO3-) are common examples of spectator ions in many reactions involving salts.
4. Spectator ions help maintain electrical neutrality in the solution but don't affect the overall stoichiometry of the reaction.
5. The presence of spectator ions is crucial for conducting electricity in electrolytic solutions.

Review Questions

• What role do spectator ions play in a chemical reaction?
• How can you identify spectator ions when given a complete ionic equation?
• Why are spectator ions omitted from net ionic equations?

Related terms

Net Ionic Equation:

An equation that shows only the species that actually participate in the chemical reaction, omitting spectator ions.

Complete Ionic Equation: An equation that shows all of the species present as they are actually existing in solution, including spectator ions.

Electrolyte:

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current due to the presence of free-moving charged particles (ions).