Sp3 hybrid orbitals

Definition

sp3 hybrid orbitals are formed when one s orbital and three p orbitals mix to create four equivalent orbitals. These orbitals have a tetrahedral geometry with bond angles of approximately 109.5 degrees.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The formation of sp3 hybrid orbitals involves the mixing of one s orbital and three p orbitals.
2. sp3 hybridization results in four equivalent orbitals arranged in a tetrahedral geometry.
3. The bond angles between sp3 hybrid orbitals are approximately 109.5 degrees.
4. Molecules like methane (CH4) exhibit sp3 hybridization.
5. Each sp3 hybrid orbital has 25% s character and 75% p character.

Review Questions

• What is the geometry associated with sp3 hybridized atoms?
• How many and what type of atomic orbitals mix to form sp3 hybrid orbitals?
• What is the bond angle typically found in molecules with sp3 hybridization?

Related terms

Hybridization:

The process by which atomic orbitals mix to form new, equivalent hybrid orbitals suitable for bonding.

Tetrahedral Geometry:

A molecular shape where a central atom is surrounded by four atoms or groups of atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron, typically associated with sp3 hybridization.

Bond Angle:

The angle formed between three atoms across at least two bonds; in sp3 hybridized molecules, this angle is about 109.5 degrees.