Sp2 hybrid orbitals

Definition

sp2 hybrid orbitals result from the mixing of one s orbital and two p orbitals in an atom, forming three equivalent orbitals. These orbitals lie in a plane at 120-degree angles to each other.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. sp2 hybridization occurs in atoms with a steric number of 3.
2. Each sp2 hybrid orbital has one-third s character and two-thirds p character.
3. Molecules with sp2 hybridized atoms typically form trigonal planar geometry.
4. $$\text{Ethene (C}_2\text{H}_4\text{)}$$ is a common example where carbon atoms are sp2 hybridized.
5. The remaining unhybridized p orbital in sp2 hybridization can participate in pi ($$\pi$$) bonding.

Review Questions

• What is the angle between sp2 hybrid orbitals?
• Which type of molecular geometry is associated with sp2 hybridization?
• Explain the difference in s and p character between sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid orbitals.

Related terms

Hybridization:

The concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds.

Trigonal Planar:

A molecular geometry model with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle, typically associated with sp2 hybridization.

$$\pi$$ Bond: A type of covalent bond formed by the sideways overlap of two unhybridized p orbitals, often found alongside sigma ($$\sigma$$) bonds in multiple bonding situations.