Solvation

Definition

Solvation is the process of surrounding solute particles with solvent molecules to form a solution. It involves interactions between the solute and solvent molecules.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Solvation can be either endothermic or exothermic depending on the interactions between solute and solvent.
2. In aqueous solutions, solvation is specifically termed hydration.
3. The efficiency of solvation impacts the solubility of a substance in a particular solvent.
4. Polar solvents generally dissolve polar solutes, while nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes (like dissolves like).
5. Solvation involves breaking intermolecular forces in both the solute and solvent and then forming new intermolecular forces between them.

Review Questions

• What is the difference between hydration and general solvation?
• How does the polarity of solvents affect the process of solvation?
• Explain why solvation can be either an endothermic or exothermic process.

Related terms

Solubility:

The maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specified temperature.

Hydration:

A specific type of solvation where water is the solvent surrounding the solute particles.

Intermolecular Forces:

Forces that mediate interaction between molecules, including hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.